Previously, several studies examined the effect of CS on postexercise recovery, markers of muscle tissue damage, perceptual measures, and performance ( 2,13,16,19,20,26). Muscle tissue damage and increased soreness can lead to loss in muscle function and decreased ability to perform. Consequently, the cellular debris and immune cells cause swelling and inflammation ( 25). In addition, compression garments are designed to alleviate muscle damage by enhancing clearance of CK and myoglobin ( 3), minimize tissue swelling ( 22,23), maintain muscle cell structure, and provide mechanical support ( 23), attenuating the detrimental effects of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) typically occurring after an intense eccentric exercise caused by tissue disruption and cellular damage to the structural sarcolemma, causing premature cell death ( 25). The build-up begins to increase blood pH and inhibit glycolysis, which can lead to fatigue and have detrimental effects on performance. The lactic acid forms as a metabolic by-product of energy production, increasing hydrogen ion accumulation in the muscle. By increasing the efficiency of blood circulation, CS are designed to minimize the build-up of metabolic by-products ( 7,12). The CS provide pressure and support at the ankles, gradually decreasing toward the knees, to decrease blood pooling during endurance activities. Recently, below-the-knee graduated compression stockings (CS) have been heavily marketed toward distance runners, with the potential of improving recovery and therefore enhancing performance. Therefore, the results of the previous findings suggest that compression garments have potential positive effects on recovery, improved performance, reduced muscle tissue damage, and soreness after exercise. In addition, improved running performance ( 2,20,26), jump height ( 15,19,21), squat jump ( 19), and cycling performance ( 12,14) were observed while wearing various types of compression garments including full-leg length, shorts, and socks. The benefits of wearing compression garments previously observed have included lower creatine kinase (CK) levels ( 13,22,23), increased rate of lactate clearance ( 7,12,16), increased tissue oxygenation ( 1), venous return ( 6,18), reduced swelling ( 22,23), reduced muscle tissue damage ( 10), lower ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) ( 16), lower perceived muscle soreness (MS) ( 13,17,19,22,23), diminished fatigue ( 17), and greater recovery in force production ( 22,23). Athletes wear these garments with the potential physiological and psychological benefits that may affect training, performance, and postexercise recovery. Compression garments have been marketed toward athletes of all types and experiences. Compression stockings may not cause significant physiological improvements however, there might be psychological benefits positively affecting postexercise recovery.Ĭlaims made by manufacturers of compression garments and positive effects observed in recent research have attracted the attention of all athletes. However, participants perceived less MS in lower extremities and working harder with CS compared with regular socks. Based on the results of this study, there were no significant improvements in average 5-km running time, heart rate, or perceived calf MS. However, significantly higher RPE and lower gain scores (%) for lower extremity MS but not for calf were observed with CS when compared with regular socks ( p = 0.05, p = 0.01, and p = 0.3, respectively). There was no significant difference in average 5-km times between CS and regular socks ( p = 0. For each session, 5-km time, heart rate (HR), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), pain pressure threshold, muscle soreness (MS), and rate of perceived recovery were measured. Each participant completed two 5-km performance time trials with CS or regular socks in a counterbalanced order separated by 1 week. Nineteen women were recruited to participate in the study (20 ± 1 year, 61.4 ± 5.3 kg, 22.6 ± 3.9% body fat). J Strength Cond Res 30(7): 1985–1991, 2016-The purpose of the study was to examine the physiological and perceptual responses to wearing below-the-knee compression stockings (CS) after a 5-km running performance in recreationally active women. The effect of compression stockings on physiological and psychological responses after 5-Km performance in recreationally active females. Treseler, C, Bixby, WR, and Nepocatych, S.
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